Publicado ás 12h55
Por Veja Gastronomia
Um sanduíche virou a principal atração gastronômica popular da cidade do Porto, em Portugal. A maioria dos cafés e restaurantes locais o preparam. Bateu o caldo verde, os bacalhaus com natas e à Gomes de Sá, o cozido à portuguesa e as tripas à moda do Porto – a dobradinha criada no século XVI, quando a população local doou às tropas lusitanas que conquistaram Ceuta, no norte de África, todas as carnes que dispunham e ficaram apenas com as vísceras. O sanduíche do qual falamos se chama francesinha. Na prática, trata-se de uma refeição completa, tamanha a sua generosidade.
A receita habitual manda colocar duas fatias grossas de pão de fôrma em uma sanduicheira elétrica, recheadas com queijo fatiado, laminas de mortadela, fiambre (presunto cozido, em Portugal), uma salsicha, uma linguiça fina e um bife bovino, de preferência filé mignon, passado na chapa. Assim que o queijo derrete, pois não deve gratinar, retira-se a preparação da sanduicheira e se acrescenta no alto um ovo frito com a gema mole. Finalmente, incorpora-se o molho, que todos dizem ser o corpo e a alma da francesinha.
A francesinha vai à mesa acompanhada de batatas palito fritas e, para saboreá-la, necessita-se de garfo e faca. Há variações com outras carnes, incluindo a de galinha, com bacalhau, atum, camarão, cogumelos e até uma opção 100% vegetariana, que são evidentemente heterodoxas. A maioria dos apreciadores a harmoniza com cerveja, que em Portugal se encontra à vontade, de fabricação nacional ou procedente de países da União Europeia. Escolhe-se a clara, mas há quem prefira a preta. Outros pedem vinho branco com algum corpo e estágio em madeira ou, então um rosé de boa acidez.
O entusiasmo por ela motivou a fundação, em 2010, de um grupo de portuenses para avaliá-la. Chama-se Irmandade da Francesinha. Apaixonados pelo sanduíche, seus confrades percorrem os restaurantes provando as diferentes apresentações. Revelam-se bem-humorados no site https://www.irmandadedafrancesinha.com: indagam se formam “um grupo de estudiosos da gastronomia ou apenas um bando de alarves (comilões, glutões)”. São rigorosos no julgamento. Em um estabelecimento visitado, criticaram o uso de ketchup e mostarda no molho, dizendo que esses ingredientes o tornam “excessivamente alaranjado e de uma espessura exagerada”; em outro, classificaram o molho como “demasiado suave, quase sem se sentir o picante”.
A francesinha foi desenvolvida por Daniel David da Silva, um português nascido em Terras do Bouro, pequena vila portuguesa com cerca de 700 habitantes, situada perto de Braga, na antiga região do Minho. Ele trabalhava como barman em um hotel de Paris quando recebeu proposta para trabalhar no restaurante A Regaleira, da Rua do Bonjardim, 87, no Porto. O dono necessitava de um profissional da sua categoria. Apesar do nome estimulante – regaleira significa regalada, airada, com dinheiro – o negócio não corria tão bem.
O dono ofereceu a Daniel da Silva um salário irrecusável e 10% da sociedade. Ele aceitou imediatamente, embora gostasse muito de viver em Paris, desfrutando do mercado de trabalho e da boêmia na cidade. No final de 1951, criou e em A Regaleira um sanduíche a partir do francês croque-monsieur – pão de fôrma ou de brioche, presunto cozido, queijos gruyère, emmenthal e parmesão, este ralado, para gratinar. Na verdade, inspirou-se no croque madame, sua variante com um ovo frito. Mas teve o cuidado de acrescentar ingredientes diferenciadores.

O chef portuense Miguel Castro e Silva, depois de investigar a história da francesinha, concluiu que Daniel da Silva usou o que dispunha na despensa. “Usou carnes assadas e linguiça”, observa. “A incorporação do bife é posterior. Já o molho levava ossos de porco, cerveja, bastante tomate e um toque final picante. Daniel da Silva passou tudo em uma peneira, depois de ligeira ligação”. O chef Miguel assinala que não se recorria ao pão de forma, mas ao papo-seco, mais barato e comum em Portugal, feito com farinha muito refinada a por isso internamente branco.
Lançada em janeiro de 1952, a francesinha conquistou larga clientela. No início, a receita era secreta. A lenda diz que se tornou pública em 1963, ao ser levada para o Restaurante Mucaba, de Vila Nova de Gaia, por um empregado de A Regaleira. Infelizmente, a casa natal do sanduíche, aberta em 1934, fechou em 2018, por problemas entre seus sócios e o dono do prédio no qual funcionava. Por que se chama francesinha? “Daniel da Silva era um incorrigível mulherengo”, explicou algum tempo atrás Manuel Ferreira, sócio de A Regaleira. “Não tirava da cabeça as francesas (leia-se parisienses)”. Atribui-se ao pai do sanduíche uma frase atiçada pelo chauvinismo masculino: “A mulher mais picante que conheço é a francesa”.
FRANCESINHA
RENDE 1 SANDUÍCHE
INGREDIENTES
MOLHO
.1 cebola pequena picada
.1 dente de alho picado
.1 fio de azeite
.1 folha de louro
.1 colher (sopa) de vinho branco
.300ml de cerveja
.5 colheres (sopa) de polpa de tomate
.1/2 litro de caldo de carne
.3 colheres (sopa) rasas de vinho do Porto
.1 colher (sopa) de whisky
.1 colher (sopa) de molho inglês
.1 colher (sopa) de Maizena dissolvida em um pouco de água
.Sal e pimenta piri piri (malagueta) picada a gosto
SANDUÍCHE
.1 bife de carne bovina (prefira o filé mignon)
.1fio de azeite
.1linguiça fresca pequena aberta no meio
.1 salsicha fresca aberta no meio
.2 fatias de pão de fôrma
.1 fatia de presunto cozido
.1 fatia de mortadela com pedacinhos de azeitona
.1 fatia de queijo parmesão
.1 ovo estrelado (com a gema mole e a clara firme)
.Sal a gosto
ACOMPANHAMENTO
.Batatas fritas
PREPARO
MOLHO
1.Em uma panela, refogue a cebola e o alho no azeite previamente aquecido. Assim que dourar, junte o louro, o vinho branco e a cerveja. Deixe levantar fervura e adicione a polpa de tomate e o caldo de carne .
2.Incorpore o vinho do Porto, o whisky e o molho inglês.Tempere com a pimenta, misture a Maizena (já dissolvida em água), corrija o sal e cozinhe em fogo brando, por alguns minutos, mexendo sempre, até o molho adquirir uma boa consistência .Desligue o fogo e passe o molho na peneira.
FINALIZAÇÃO DO SANDUÍCHE
3.Tempere o bife com sal e leve-o à grelha, com um fio de azeite. Grelhe também a linguiça e a salsicha.
4.Sobre a primeira fatia do pão disponha o presunto cozido, depois a mortadela, o bife, a linguiça, a salsicha e o queijo. Cubra com a outra fatia do pão e leve à sanduicheira elétrica ou ao forno, apenas para derreter o queijo.
5.Retire a francesinha, disponha o ovo em cima, delicadamente, e cubra tudo com o molho previamente aquecido.
6.Acompanhe com as batatas fritas.




















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